© A.W.Marczewski 2002

A Practical Guide to Isotherms of ADSORPTION on Heterogeneous Surfaces

Reload Adsorption Guide

A Practical Guide to
Isotherms of ADSORPTION
on Heterogeneous Surfaces
by
Adam W. Marczewski

An Overview

see Adsorption References and Glossary

Preface

     This WWW Guide reflects my own views on adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces and is "phenomenologically oriented". It is based mainly upon my own research (my papers, my PhD and unpublished results) as well as some papers/views of my co-workers (those from the past and current ones), generally agreed-upon views of an informal group of researchers and results available in other sources, e.g. books.
     Most of the text, equations and figures deal with adsorption from dilute solutions or gas adsorption. Where possible, the possibility of using equations formulated for gas (or vapour) adsorption in adsorption from dilute solutions - and vice versa is pointed out. The general approach to adsorption from liquid mixtures is also presented.
     This Overview page presents a summary of problems this Guide tries to explain or help to solve in a simple, practical way. Each of the listed problems is shortly explained and more is available through series of hyperlinks. Most (though not all of the sub-pages) may be accessed directly by using links in the index (left frame). All external links (to other sites) within this WWW site as a default are opened in new windows. Internal links within right frame are opened by default in the same frame. Many of the sub-pages may be reached in several ways.


General Integral Equation / GL (Generalized Langmuir) / All equations (preview)
Adsorption type ( Linear Langmuir plot / Graham plot / Consistency / Henry constant )
Popular isotherms ( Mono-, Multilayer, Experimental, Micro-, Mesoporous )
Data analysis: ( LSq data fitting / Heterogeneity: Global , σE / Linear plots / φ-function / Pores )
Prediction/Description of Multicomponent adsorption / Wastewater adsorption
Heterogeneity and Molecular Size ( Theory and Prediction / Simple binary isotherm )

How to distinguish a type of isotherm your adsorption data (gas, dilute solution) fits?

Physical consistency:

Definition of Energy Dispersion Data analysis - dispersion of adsorption energy σE:

Global H definition Local h definition Data analysis - global heterogeneity/non-ideality:
NOTE. Monolayer adsorption only - if multilayer effects are visible, the isotherm must be "monolayerized", i.e. multilayer part must be estimated and removed.

Data analysis - isotherm-specific methods:

Data analysis - prediction of multi-component adsorption:

Heterogeneity vs. molecular size and topography:

Popular isotherm types:


Adsorption type ( Linear Langmuir plot / Graham plot / Consistency / Henry constant )
Popular isotherms ( Mono-, Multilayer, Experimental, Micro-, Mesoporous )
Data analysis: ( LSq data fitting / Heterogeneity: Global , σE / Linear plots / φ-function / Pores )
Prediction/Description of Multicomponent adsorption / Wastewater adsorption
Heterogeneity and Molecular Size ( Theory and Prediction / Simple binary isotherm )

General Integral Equation / GL (Generalized Langmuir) / All equations (preview)

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